{"id":1270,"date":"2021-02-22T11:08:18","date_gmt":"2021-02-22T11:08:18","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/waste-move.eu\/?p=1270"},"modified":"2021-05-01T11:04:54","modified_gmt":"2021-05-01T11:04:54","slug":"waste-prevention","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/waste-move.eu\/?p=1270&lang=en","title":{"rendered":"Waste prevention"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 20px;\">Waste prevention is the highest priority in the waste management hierarchy. For the first time, the German Federal Government&#8217;s Waste Management Programme &#8217;75 established the following order of priority<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 20px;\">Reduction of waste at the production and consumer level,<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 20px;\">increasing the utilisation of waste, and<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 20px;\">harmless disposal of waste<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 20px;\">was formulated. It then took another 11 years until a waste management hierarchy found its way into the 1986 Waste Management Act (Article 1a WMA). This was the first time that principles and obligations for the avoidance and recovery of waste were included in the Waste Act. The core element was the requirement to avoid and recycle waste as well as the corresponding ordinances. On this basis, corresponding ordinances were issued, of which the Packaging Ordinance is the best-known example. The Recycling and Waste Management Act <strong>(<\/strong>RMWA<strong>)<\/strong> of 1994 introduced the three-stage waste hierarchy: avoidance &#8211; recovery &#8211; disposal, which was expanded to the five-stage waste hierarchy in the Circular Economy Act (CEA) of 2012.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 20px;\">There are different definitions of waste prevention. The difficulty is that it includes activities that are outside the waste management sphere. This concerns activities that have &#8222;not taken place&#8220;, or in other words activities that have not been carried out. This includes measures and actions that prevent the generation of waste during production, distribution and consumption.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 20px;\">Waste prevention has priority over other waste management measures in conceptual and strategic approaches as well as in legal regulations, but also in the context of social discussion. However, if one looks at the increasing amounts of <a href=\"https:\/\/waste-move.eu\/?p=809&amp;lang=en\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">waste generated<\/a>, waste management practice shows a clearly different picture.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 20px;\">This shows that decisive success in avoiding waste can only be achieved by changing production and consumption patterns accordingly. Ultimately, this can only be achieved through sufficiency. Sufficiency was originally defined as deceleration, unbundling, decommercialization and decluttering [Sachs 1993]. However, sufficiency can also be defined as a way of living and doing business that puts an end to the excessive consumption of goods and thus materials and energy [Linz 2002].<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span style=\"font-size: 20px;\"><strong>Definition under waste law in Germany<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 20px;\">Waste prevention is defined in Article 3 para. 20, sentence 1 CEA as follows:<\/span><br><span style=\"font-size: 20px;\">&#8222;Avoidance within the meaning of this Act is any measure taken before a substance, material or product has become waste and serving to reduce the amount of waste, the harmful effects of the waste on humans and the environment or the content of harmful substances in materials and products.&#8220;<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 20px;\">This makes it clear that waste prevention measures must intervene before waste is generated. This applies in particular to product design and the selection and use of substances and materials. The absence of pollutants, the length of the useful life and the possibility of recycling the substances and materials used play an essential role.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 20px;\">According to Article 6 CEA, the following goals are to be striven for as a matter of priority:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 20px;\">Reduction of the amount of waste,<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 20px;\">Reduction of the harmful effects of waste on the environment and human health,<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 20px;\">reducing the content of harmful substances in materials and products.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 20px;\">In addition to the German and EU legal requirements, there are also efforts at the international level, such as the OECD, to promote waste prevention.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span style=\"font-size: 20px;\"><strong>OECD Reference Manual on Strategic Waste Prevention<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 20px;\">In its Reference Manual on Strategic Waste Prevention [OECD 2000], the OECD distinguishes between the following three concepts:<\/span><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 20px;\">Strict avoidance<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 20px;\">Strict Avoidance involves the complete prevention of waste generation by virtual elimination of hazardous substances or by reducing material or energy intensity in production, consumption, and distribution.<\/span><\/p>\n<ol start=\"2\">\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 20px;\">Reduction at source<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 20px;\">Reduction at source involves minimising use of toxic or harmful substances and\/or minimising material or energy consumption.<\/span><\/p>\n<ol start=\"3\">\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 20px;\">Product Re-use<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 20px;\">Product re-use involves the multiple use of a product in its original form, for its original purpose or for an alternative, with or without reconditioning.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span style=\"font-size: 20px;\"><strong>Quantitative and qualitative waste prevention<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 20px;\">More often, a distinction is made in waste prevention between quantitative (quantity-relevant) and qualitative (pollutant-relevant) waste prevention. Quantitative waste prevention includes measures that aim to reduce the amount of waste generated during production, such as product design with the goal of a long service life and repairability, as well as reducing the amount of materials used. Qualitative waste prevention includes measures such as the replacement of hazardous or otherwise problematic materials with alternative materials or the elimination of materials that cannot be recycled.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span style=\"font-size: 20px;\"><strong>Waste prevention programme<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 20px;\">According to Article 33 CEA, a waste prevention programme must be drawn up. In this respect, Annex IV of the CEA contains a large number of possible measures for waste prevention. These include measures aimed at the conception, production and distribution phases of products as well as measures concerning the consumption and use phases.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 20px;\">Based on the legal foundations of the CEA, the first <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/waste-move.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/waste-prevention-programme.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">waste prevention programme<\/a><\/strong> was published by the Federal Government and the Federal States in 2013, building on studies by the Federal Environment Agency.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><strong><span style=\"font-size: 20px;\">Sources:<\/span><\/strong><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 20px;\">[Sachs 1993] Wolfgang Sachs: &#8222;Die vier E&#8217;s: Merkposten f\u00fcr einen ma\u00dfvollen Wirtschaftsstil&#8220;, in Politische \u00d6kologie Nr. 33, 1993, S. 69\u201372.<br><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 20px;\">[Linz 2002] Manfred Linz et. al: &#8222;Von nichts zu viel &#8211; Suffizienz geh\u00f6rt zur Zukunftsf\u00e4higkeit&#8220;, download unter: https:\/\/epub.wupperinst.org\/frontdoor\/deliver\/index\/docId\/1512\/file\/WP125.pdf<br><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 20px;\">[OECD 2000] Strategic Waste Prevention &#8211; Reference Manual, ENV\/EPOC\/PPC(2000)5\/FINAL, Paris, 1 August 2000.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Waste prevention is the highest priority in the waste management hierarchy. For the first time, the German Federal Government&#8217;s Waste Management Programme &#8217;75 established the following order of priority Reduction of waste at the production and consumer level, increasing the utilisation of waste, and harmless disposal of waste was formulated. It then took another 11 &#8230; <a title=\"Waste prevention\" class=\"read-more\" href=\"https:\/\/waste-move.eu\/?p=1270&#038;lang=en\" aria-label=\"Mehr Informationen \u00fcber Waste prevention\">Weiterlesen<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ngg_post_thumbnail":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[56,48],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1270","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-waste-legislatiom","category-waste-management"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.7 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Waste prevention - Grenz\u00fcberschreitende Abfallverbringung Transfrontier Waste Shipment<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"waste prevention, strict avoidance, design, production, consumption, Re-use, further use, waste prevention programme, reduction at source\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/waste-move.eu\/?p=1270&lang=en\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"de_DE\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Waste prevention - 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